A Brief Historical Interlude
(The next post today will address the Underachieve issue directly. This one describes why Wilfred Brown is important to listen to. We’ll refer to these things later.)
As Paul Holstrom pointed out, my telling of the story about the Union guys was a bit off. They had been having a pint and were talking about the CEO’s current problem. Not only that, but they felt secure enough that they could go to the corporate consultant with their ideas.
Let’s put this into context: at the end of the war, Glacier Metal Company was Europe’s largest ball-bearing manufacturer. Might not seem like much, but Glacier made bearings for a variety of industries, including automotive (where the company got its start in the States). Wilfred Brown had been thrust into the role of Chief Executive at the age of 29 by a series of unfortunate deaths. He wasn’t even the right politics: Mant writes that during the war, Brown was “attracted to the newly-formed Commonwealth party“, a very left-leaning party. This is not your typical industrialist.
Eric Trist of the Tavistock Institute described the problems Brown was confronting in his introduction to Brown’s Explorations In Management:
[Brown] was at that time [immediately after the war] severely bothered about the nature of executive authority and the source of its sanction. Until he could be clear on these matters, he did not feel free to command people as he felt they should be commanded and to mobilize them fully for the tasks that had to be done. He saw the extent to which managerial authority was perceived by the workers as both absolute and arbitrary. So long as this was so, marginal participation only could be expected of the operatives in the work of the enterprise.
So this was the problem that he was having Tavistock (and later Jaques by himself) work after the war. It had to do with his needing to understand why he would have legitimate authority. He would later talk about coming to understand that he couldn’t push his responsibilities down onto his subordinates. While their input could inform his decisions, as the chief executive there were many decisions that he had to make alone.
I wish that I could go into the full details of the works councils which Brown created at Glacier. Each level of the organization had one. One of the most interesting things was that an employee could appeal a decision by his boss (say, for not getting a promotion or raise) to the works council. Both the work and his manager could appeal the council’s decision to the next level’s council, and so on until it was heard by the CEO.
As I get into these discussion, remember that these ideas were implemented first within a company where the CEO had intentionally ceded power to the works councils. He even ceded power to Jaques, in a way: the doctor had complete access across the corporation. Brown’s son recalls his father complaining that “Dr. Jaques knows more about what’s going on in my company than I do.”
This ends our little historical excursion. It’s important to know the social context of the brilliance of our Union workers who came to Dr. Jaques, and indeed the work of both Jaques and Brown.
Next in this thread: It’s About Time, Underachievers!
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